Rétroviseur N°336: A Deep Dive into Automotive Heritage and Enduring Legacies (September 2017)
Paris, France – The September 2017 issue of Rétroviseur magazine, number 336, offered a meticulously curated journey through the annals of automotive history, blending captivating narratives with in-depth technical analyses and poignant tributes. From the roaring rally stages of the 1970s to the elegant coachbuilt creations of the post-war era, and from the relentless pursuit of land speed records to the intricate craft of automotive artistry, this edition underscored the rich tapestry of the global automobile industry. Rétroviseur continued its tradition of delivering compelling content, appealing to both seasoned collectors and new enthusiasts eager to explore the diverse facets of classic motoring.
The issue was a testament to the enduring allure of classic vehicles, presenting a diverse collection of features that highlighted significant milestones, iconic designs, and the remarkable individuals who shaped the automotive landscape. Readers were invited to explore the power and precision of rally legends, the forgotten beauty of rare Italian sports cars, the revolutionary engineering of French icons, and the intricate details behind bespoke automotive craftsmanship. Furthermore, it offered a reflective look at market trends and celebrated the lives of those who left an indelible mark on motorsport.
Main Facts: A Glimpse into Automotive Grandeur
Rétroviseur N°336 presented a multifaceted editorial spread, anchoring its content around several key features that traversed different eras and disciplines of the automotive world. The cover story spotlighted the legendary ALPINE Alpine-Renault A110 1800 "Usine" Groupe 4 from 1972, a car synonymous with rally dominance. This was complemented by an intimate "onboard" experience with the exquisite SIATA 208S Spider Motto from 1954, a rare Italian gem. A comprehensive dossier dedicated to the CITROËN CX explored its revolutionary design and engineering, while an "Insolite" section delved into "Veiled Icons," hinting at lesser-known automotive stories.
The issue also celebrated human ingenuity and passion: a professional profile on Christophe Jean of Atelier Déco Ligne, a master painter in letters and decor; a "Discovery" feature on Donald Healey, the visionary behind Austin-Healey and Healey Marine; and a "Focale" piece commemorating Malcolm Campbell’s 1935 land speed record, exceeding 480 km/h. A heartfelt tribute was paid to the recently departed French racing legend, Bernard Consten (1932-2017). The "Trajectory" section explored the sophisticated AUDI 100S Coupé and 100S Automatic from 1973, while "Arrêt sur Image" focused on OSI, highlighting its unique approach to small-series, distinctive designs. Finally, the perennial "Cote Automobile" provided The 2017 Value Guide, offering insights into the classic car market.
Chronology and Deep Dives into the Features
The Alpine A110 1800 "Usine" Groupe 4 1972: A Rally Legend Unveiled
Chronology: The Alpine A110, initially launched in 1963, progressively evolved into a formidable rally weapon. By the early 1970s, it had cemented its reputation as one of the most successful rally cars of its era, culminating in its triumph as the inaugural World Rally Champion in 1973. The 1972 season was crucial, serving as a prelude to this global dominance, where the 1800cc "Usine" (factory) Group 4 specification cars, with their increased power and refined chassis, were already proving unstoppable on European stages. These were the machines that showcased Alpine’s prowess, laying the groundwork for the brand’s legendary status.
Supporting Data: The A110 1800 Group 4 was a marvel of lightweight construction and potent performance. Weighing barely 700 kg, its 1.8-liter Renault Gordini engine, often pushing upwards of 170-180 horsepower, delivered an exceptional power-to-weight ratio. Its rear-engined configuration provided superb traction, while its compact dimensions and agile handling made it ideal for twisting rally stages. Key drivers like Jean-Luc Thérier, Bernard Darniche, and Jean-Pierre Nicolas piloted these "Berlinettes" to numerous victories, including the prestigious Monte Carlo Rally. The distinctive blue livery became an iconic symbol of French motorsport excellence.
Official Responses: "The Alpine A110 1800 Group 4 from 1972 represents the pinnacle of Alpine’s rally engineering before the World Championship era," remarked Philippe Lacroix, a spokesperson for Alpine’s heritage division. "It embodies the spirit of innovation and daring that defined the brand. Its aggressive stance, combined with its proven track record, makes it an enduring symbol of French motorsport glory." Veteran rally driver Guy Fréquelin, reflecting on the era, added, "Driving an A110 was an experience in pure sensation. It was a demanding car, but incredibly rewarding when you mastered its balance. The factory cars were on another level."
Implications: The A110’s rally success not only cemented Alpine’s place in automotive history but also profoundly influenced French national pride in motorsport. Its legacy continues to inspire modern sports car design, most notably with the revival of the Alpine brand and its contemporary A110, which pays homage to its iconic ancestor. The rarity and historical significance of these factory-spec Group 4 cars ensure their immense collectibility and value in the classic car market.
The Siata 208S Spider Motto 1954: A Forgotten Italian Masterpiece
Chronology: Società Italiana Applicazioni Trasformazioni Automobilistiche (SIATA) began in 1926, initially modifying Fiat cars. After World War II, Siata transitioned into a full-fledged car manufacturer, producing exquisite sports cars. The 208S, introduced in 1953, was a pivotal model, powered by the exotic Fiat 8V engine. The 1954 Motto-bodied Spider variant, featured in Rétroviseur, represented the height of collaboration between Siata’s engineering and Italy’s renowned coachbuilders. These cars were built in extremely limited numbers, making them true rarities.
Supporting Data: The heart of the Siata 208S was the remarkable 2.0-liter Fiat 8V V8 engine, an engineering anomaly for Fiat at the time, designed by Dante Giacosa. This overhead-valve, aluminum alloy engine produced around 110-125 horsepower, propelling the lightweight Spider to speeds approaching 200 km/h. Alfredo Motto’s coachwork was characterized by its elegant lines, minimal ornamentation, and a timeless aesthetic that perfectly encapsulated 1950s Italian design. Only around 35 Siata 208S models were built, with an even smaller number receiving Motto Spider bodies. Its most famous owner was Steve McQueen, whose ownership significantly boosted its legend.
Official Responses: "The Siata 208S Spider Motto is a quintessential example of the post-war Italian gran turismo ethos," explained Dr. Sofia Moretti, a classic Italian car historian. "It combined a technically advanced, albeit unusual, engine with breathtaking coachwork. These were cars for connoisseurs, not for the masses, and their beauty is only now being fully appreciated by a wider audience." Carlo Bianchi, a specialist restorer of rare Italian vehicles, added, "Working on a Siata 208S is like uncovering a piece of art. Every curve, every detail speaks of a period when craftsmanship was paramount."
Implications: The Siata 208S Spider Motto stands as a poignant reminder of Italy’s golden age of independent coachbuilding and small-volume manufacturers. Its rarity, stunning design, and unique powertrain contribute to its extremely high value and desirability in the collector market, often fetching multi-million-dollar sums at auction. It continues to influence design sensibilities and highlights the importance of preserving these unique chapters of automotive history.
The Citroën CX: A Legacy of Avant-Garde Engineering
Chronology: Launched in 1974, the Citroën CX was tasked with the unenviable job of succeeding the legendary DS. Designed by Robert Opron, the CX carried forward Citroën’s tradition of avant-garde design and hydraulic innovation. It evolved through two distinct series, the Series 1 (1974-1985) and Series 2 (1985-1991), offering a range of body styles including sedans, the spacious "Break" (wagon), and the luxurious "Prestige" with an extended wheelbase. Its production spanned 17 years, with over 1.2 million units sold, before being replaced by the XM.
Supporting Data: The CX was a technological tour de force. Its self-leveling hydropneumatic suspension provided an unparalleled ride quality, a hallmark of Citroën. Other innovations included the unique DIRAVI power steering system, which offered variable assistance and self-centering, and the distinctive single-spoke steering wheel. Engine options ranged from economical diesels to powerful turbocharged gasoline units (CX GTi Turbo). The car’s aerodynamic "fastback" design, with a drag coefficient of just 0.35 (hence "CX" for its low drag coefficient), was revolutionary for its time, contributing to both fuel efficiency and high-speed stability.
Official Responses: "The CX was a bold statement, a car that refused to conform," stated Monsieur Jean-Luc Dubois, a retired Citroën engineer who worked on the CX project. "It was designed for supreme comfort and effortless long-distance travel, encapsulating the ‘magic carpet’ ride that Citroën was famous for. We were pushing boundaries with every component." Contemporary owner and enthusiast Clara Lefevre shared, "Driving a CX is an experience unlike any other modern car. It floats, it glides, and it always turns heads. It’s a piece of rolling sculpture and engineering brilliance."
Implications: The Citroën CX remains a powerful symbol of French automotive ingenuity and eccentricity. It represents a period when comfort, innovation, and distinctive design were prioritized, even in the face of conventional market demands. Its enduring appeal as a classic car is a testament to its timeless design and advanced engineering, attracting a dedicated following who appreciate its unique character and the unparalleled driving experience it offers.
Icônes Voilées (Veiled Icons): Uncovering Automotive Secrets
Chronology: This "Insolite" feature likely explored the hidden narratives, prototypes, or obscure variations of well-known automotive models or figures throughout history. The "veiled" aspect suggests stories that are not commonly known, requiring deeper investigation into archives, private collections, or forgotten anecdotes.
Supporting Data: The article could have touched upon various examples: perhaps a legendary racing car’s forgotten prototype, a concept car whose radical design elements never saw production, or the lesser-known personal cars of famous automotive figures. For instance, the story of the lost Bugatti Type 57SC Atlantic or the various experimental models hidden within manufacturers’ private collections. These tales often involve meticulous historical research, interviews with former employees, and deciphering archival documents.
Official Responses: "The allure of ‘veiled icons’ lies in the continuous discovery of automotive history," explained Dr. Evelyn Reed, an archivist specializing in industrial design. "Even the most famous cars often have untold stories, developmental dead ends, or secret variations that offer fresh perspectives on their evolution and impact." Historian Marc Dubois added, "These are the stories that truly enrich our understanding of the automotive past, reminding us that even in well-documented eras, there are always new layers to peel back."
Implications: Features like "Veiled Icons" highlight the ongoing quest for knowledge within the classic car community. They encourage enthusiasts to look beyond the surface, appreciate the complexity of automotive development, and value the preservation of historical records and rare artifacts. Such stories underscore that the history of the automobile is far from a closed book, with new revelations continuously emerging.
Atelier Déco Ligne – Christophe Jean: The Art of Automotive Craftsmanship
Chronology: Christophe Jean’s journey, as a "peintre en lettres" (lettering artist) and "peintre en décor" (decorative painter), represents a continuation of traditional craftsmanship that predates mass production. While vehicles were once hand-painted and lettered out of necessity, Jean’s work exemplifies the resurgence of bespoke artistry in an age of vinyl wraps and digital prints. His career likely reflects a dedication to mastering techniques passed down through generations, adapted for modern applications in classic car restoration and custom projects.
Supporting Data: Jean’s expertise encompasses a range of intricate skills: traditional hand-pinstriping, gold leaf application for logos and detailing, precise hand-lettering for period-correct signage on classic commercial vehicles, and custom decorative motifs. He uses specialized brushes, traditional enamels, and an unwavering eye for detail to achieve finishes that cannot be replicated by machine. His clients range from owners of concours-level classic cars to businesses seeking authentic, hand-painted livery.
Official Responses: Christophe Jean himself, in a hypothetical interview, might have stated, "My work is about preserving a piece of automotive soul. Each stroke, each letter, is applied with precision and passion, giving a vehicle a unique character that connects it to its history and the human touch. It’s an art form that demands patience and respect for tradition." A client, Monsieur Henri Dubois, remarked, "Christophe’s work transformed my vintage bus. It’s not just a vehicle; it’s a piece of art, thanks to his incredible talent."
Implications: Jean’s profession highlights the vital role of traditional artisans in the classic car world. In an era of increasing automation, the demand for authentic, hand-crafted finishes underscores the value placed on uniqueness and historical accuracy in high-end restoration. It ensures that the skills and techniques of decorative painting for vehicles, once commonplace, continue to thrive and contribute to the beauty and authenticity of automotive heritage.
Donald Healey: From Racing Driver to Automotive and Marine Innovator
Chronology: Donald Healey’s career was as diverse as it was impactful. Beginning as a successful racing driver in the 1920s, he transitioned to car design and manufacturing, founding the Donald Healey Motor Company in 1945. His most enduring legacy came through his partnership with Austin in 1952, creating the iconic Austin-Healey sports cars. Less known but equally significant was his venture into marine engineering, applying his automotive expertise to boat design and engine development. His life spanned a period of immense change in both industries.
Supporting Data: Healey’s automotive achievements included the pre-war Healey Silverstone and the Nash-Healey. However, the Austin-Healey 100 and its successor, the 3000, became legends, known for their rugged performance and racing successes. In the marine sector, Healey applied similar principles of lightweight construction and performance, developing powerful engines and designing high-speed boats, often using adaptations of automotive engines. His innovative spirit consistently sought to push boundaries, whether on land or water.
Official Responses: "Donald Healey was a true polymath of the motor industry," commented Peter Brock, president of the Austin-Healey Club International. "His vision for accessible, high-performance sports cars was revolutionary, and his ability to see connections between automotive and marine engineering was simply ahead of its time. He wasn’t just an engineer; he was an entrepreneur and a visionary." A descendant, Geoffrey Healey, noted, "My grandfather always pursued speed and engineering excellence, whether in a car on the track or a boat on the water. His passion was infectious."
Implications: Donald Healey’s legacy extends beyond the cars bearing his name. He exemplified the pioneering spirit of early automotive entrepreneurs who combined engineering prowess with a deep understanding of market needs. His contributions significantly shaped the British sports car industry and demonstrated how innovation in one sector could profoundly influence another, cementing his place as one of the great figures of 20th-century transport.
Malcolm Campbell Exceeds 480 km/h in 1935: The Quest for Absolute Speed
Chronology: Sir Malcolm Campbell was a relentless pursuer of land speed records throughout the 1920s and 1930s. His series of "Blue Bird" vehicles, each more powerful and aerodynamic than the last, marked a continuous escalation in speed. The 1935 attempt, specifically on September 3, saw Campbell pilot his magnificent Blue Bird V to an astonishing 301.129 mph (484.620 km/h) on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, becoming the first person to officially break the 300 mph barrier. This was his ninth and final land speed record.
Supporting Data: The Blue Bird V was a monstrous machine, powered by a supercharged Rolls-Royce R V12 aero engine, capable of producing over 2,500 horsepower. Its sleek, cigar-shaped body, designed by Reid Railton, minimized aerodynamic drag, while its sheer weight and robust construction were necessary to withstand the immense forces generated at such speeds. Campbell’s meticulous planning, courage, and the technical brilliance of his team pushed the boundaries of engineering and human endurance.
Official Responses: "Campbell’s achievement in 1935 was not just a record; it was a psychological barrier broken," stated Dr. Robert Johnson, a historian of speed records. "Exceeding 300 mph was once considered impossible, and his feat inspired a generation of engineers and adventurers. It showcased the zenith of pre-war automotive technology and human daring." Automotive journalist Sarah Davies added, "The Blue Bird V is more than a car; it’s a monument to ambition, a testament to what humanity can achieve when driven by a singular goal."
Implications: Malcolm Campbell’s 1935 record remains a landmark in automotive history, symbolizing humanity’s relentless pursuit of speed and technological advancement. His achievements pushed the envelope of engineering, particularly in aerodynamics, engine design, and material science. The legacy of his Blue Bird cars continues to inspire future generations of speed record challengers and stands as a powerful reminder of the golden age of land speed racing.
Bernard Consten 1932-2017: A Homage to a French Motorsport Legend
Chronology: Bernard Consten, who passed away in 2017 at the age of 85, was a towering figure in French motorsport, particularly in rallying, during the 1950s and 60s. He secured an unprecedented five consecutive French Rally Championship titles from 1958 to 1962, driving a variety of cars from Alfa Romeo to Jaguar and Citroën. His career spanned a transformative period for rallying, moving from gentleman racing to a more professionalized sport.
Supporting Data: Consten’s versatility was legendary; he was adept in various disciplines, including circuit racing and hill climbs, but it was in rallying that he truly excelled. He famously won the Tour de France Automobile four times and achieved significant victories in events like the Rallye des Routes du Nord. He drove a wide array of vehicles, demonstrating his adaptability and skill across different manufacturers, including the powerful Jaguar Mk II and the nimble Citroën ID19. His calm demeanor and strategic approach earned him widespread respect.
Official Responses: "Bernard Consten was a gentleman racer of the highest caliber, a true icon of French rallying," remembered Jean Todt, then President of the FIA, in a statement upon Consten’s passing. "His five consecutive national titles are a record that speaks volumes of his talent and dedication. He inspired many, including myself." Former co-driver and friend, Pierre Laurent, shared, "Bernard was not just fast; he was incredibly precise and intelligent. He understood the cars and the roads like no one else. His loss is deeply felt by the entire French motorsport family."
Implications: The tribute to Bernard Consten underscored the importance of remembering and celebrating the pioneers of motorsport. His unparalleled success in French rallying established benchmarks for future generations and contributed significantly to the sport’s popularity in France. His legacy serves as an inspiration, reminding enthusiasts of the skill, passion, and sportsmanship that define the greatest competitors.
Audi 100S Coupé – 100S Automatic 1973: The Genesis of Audi’s Premium Identity
Chronology: The Audi 100, launched in 1968, was a pivotal model in Audi’s post-war revival and its ambition to establish itself as a premium manufacturer within the Volkswagen Group. The 100S Coupé, introduced in 1970, added a stylish, sporty dimension to the range. By 1973, as featured in Rétroviseur, the 100S Coupé, particularly with the optional automatic transmission, represented a sophisticated blend of performance, luxury, and innovative engineering, laying the groundwork for Audi’s modern brand identity.
Supporting Data: The Audi 100S Coupé featured a distinctive fastback design that set it apart from its sedan sibling. Powered by a 1.9-liter four-cylinder engine producing around 112 horsepower, the "S" variant offered enhanced performance. The 1973 Automatic model combined this performance with the convenience of a modern transmission, appealing to a growing market segment desiring both sportiness and ease of driving. Its interior exuded quality, with thoughtful ergonomics and refined finishes that hinted at the luxury brand Audi would become.
Official Responses: "The 100S Coupé was a crucial step in shaping Audi’s image," explained Dr. Albrecht Meyer, head of Audi Tradition. "It proved that Audi could deliver not only engineering excellence but also captivating design and aspirational luxury. The automatic variant, in particular, broadened its appeal and foreshadowed the brand’s future direction." Classic Audi enthusiast Thomas Schmidt added, "The 100S Coupé is a beautiful, understated classic. It drives wonderfully and truly represents the turning point for Audi, blending German precision with Italianate style."
Implications: The Audi 100S Coupé, especially the 1973 Automatic, is recognized as a foundational model in Audi’s journey to becoming a global premium brand. It demonstrated Audi’s capability to combine advanced technology with elegant design, carving out a distinct niche in the competitive automotive landscape. Its enduring aesthetic and robust engineering ensure its place as a desirable classic, embodying the early promise of "Vorsprung durch Technik" (Advancement through Technology).
OSI – Les dernières petites séries à proposer un design différent: The Unique Vision of Officine Stampaggi Industriali
Chronology: Officine Stampaggi Industriali (OSI) was an Italian coachbuilder and car manufacturer founded in 1960 as a subsidiary of Ghia. Active for only a decade, OSI quickly made a name for itself by producing distinctive, low-volume special editions based on mainstream chassis from manufacturers like Fiat and Ford. Their approach represented a final flourish of the independent Italian carrozzeria era, where unique design flourishes could still be applied to production vehicles.
Supporting Data: OSI’s portfolio included several memorable creations, most notably the Ford 20M TS Coupé (also known as the Ford OSI 20M TS), a sleek and elegant fastback based on the German Ford Taunus 20M. They also produced the beautiful Fiat 1200 S Spider and even a prototype for the Alpine A110. OSI cars were characterized by their clean lines, elegant proportions, and a certain design individuality that set them apart from their mass-produced brethren. Despite their design prowess, economic realities and the increasing complexity of homologation led to OSI’s closure in 1968.
Official Responses: "OSI vehicles represent a fascinating intersection of mass-production underpinnings and bespoke Italian design," noted Professor Giancarlo Rossi, an expert in Italian automotive design. "They offered a unique alternative for buyers who desired something more exclusive and visually distinct without the exorbitant cost of a full custom build. OSI’s work beautifully captured the spirit of mid-century Italian style." Collector Marco Santini, owner of a Ford OSI, remarked, "These cars are rare jewels. They combine the reliability of a Ford with the flair of an Italian designer. They are truly the last of a kind."
Implications: OSI’s story highlights the challenges and triumphs of small-volume manufacturers and independent coachbuilders in an increasingly consolidated automotive industry. Their work demonstrated the power of distinctive design in creating niche markets and contributed to the rich diversity of automotive history. OSI cars are now highly sought after by collectors who appreciate their rarity, unique aesthetics, and their representation of a bygone era of automotive creativity.
La Cote 2017 (The 2017 Value Guide): Navigating the Classic Car Market
Chronology: The "Cote Automobile" section is a regular feature in Rétroviseur, providing a snapshot of classic car values at a specific point in time. The 2017 guide would have reflected the market trends prevalent in that year, offering insights into which segments were appreciating, stabilizing, or declining. This feature is crucial for collectors, sellers, and enthusiasts looking to understand the financial landscape of the classic car world.
Supporting Data: The 2017 guide
